You can attack twice, instead of once, whenever you take the Attack action on your turn.

When a creature hits you with an attack, you can use your reaction to impose disadvantage on that attack if the creature is within 5 feet of one of your allies and that ally is not incapacitated.

If you picked the optional tool from favored enemy, you also gain useful practical knowledge of the chosen quarry.

You have advantage on Intelligence checks to recall information about beasts, fey, fiends, undead, or one chosen favored enemy type, and you know one language spoken by that enemy if it has one.

You are skilled at navigating and surviving in the wilderness, with benefits while traveling through your favored terrain, including increased overland pace, better foraging, stealth, and survival in that terrain.

You adopt a fighting style that grants a lasting combat benefit. This ranger fights with a longbow and two blades in mind.

You can cast ranger spells using Wisdom as your spellcasting ability. You know a limited number of ranger spells and can cast them using your spell slots.

Choose a ranger archetype. This character follows the Hunter path, becoming a disciplined slayer of dangerous prey.

You can focus your awareness to detect certain kinds of creatures, sensing the presence of favored foes nearby with a limited ability that improves when you spend time tracking them.

You can raise your ability scores or take a feat. This character used the improvement to sharpen ranged accuracy and survival instincts by accepting the provided base statistics as-is, so no change was made to the starting scores.

Moving through nonmagical difficult terrain costs you no extra movement, and you can also pass through nonmagical plants without being slowed or taking damage from them if they are not magical and are not created to impede movement.

You can find food and fresh water for yourself and up to five other people each day, provided that the land offers berries, small game, water, and so forth.